Atoom: verschil tussen versies
k (Wijzigingen door Luprins (Overleg) hersteld tot de laatste versie door Gijspennings) |
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| Regel 6: | Regel 6: | ||
==Opbouw van atomen== |
==Opbouw van atomen== |
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| − | Atomen bestaan uit weer kleinere deeltjes. Die heten elementaire deeltjes. Een elementair deeltje is een deeltje dat niet meer te splitsen is. De atoom heeft een [[kern]] en daarom heen een wolk van elementaire deeltjes. De kern van de atoom is opgebouwd uit elementaire deeltjes met de naam [[proton]] en [[neutron]]. De [[wolk]] om de kern bestaat uit elektronen. In een atoom zitten altijd evenveel protonen als elektronen. Het aantal neutronen verschilt. Daardoor krijg je dus allerlei variaties van de atomen. Die variaties heten isotopen. |
+ | Atomen bestaan uit weer kleinere deeltjes. Die heten elementaire deeltjes. Een elementair deeltje is een deeltje dat niet meer te splitsen is. De atoom heeft een [[kern]] en daarom heen een wolk van elementaire deeltjes. De kern van de atoom is opgebouwd uit elementaire deeltjes met de naam [[proton]] en [[neutron]]. De [[wolk]] om de kern bestaat uit elektronen. In een atoom zitten altijd evenveel protonen als elektronen. Het aantal neutronen verschilt. Daardoor krijg je dus allerlei variaties van de atomen. Die variaties heten isotopen. |
| − | lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll |
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==Wat gebeurt er in een atoom?== |
==Wat gebeurt er in een atoom?== |
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Versie van 12 mrt 2013 17:38
Atomen zijn de bouwstenen waaruit alles op aarde is opgebouwd. Een andere naam voor atoom is chemisch of scheidkundig element. Atoom is een Grieks woord en betekent ondeelbaar. Er zijn 118 soorten atomen. Wetenschappers hebben die in kaart gebracht. Dit hebben ze gedaan met een tabel. Deze tabel heeft een naam: het periodieke systeem der elementen. Bekende atomen zijn bijvoobeeld: goud, zilver, aluminium. De wetenschapper die de tabel heeft bedacht heet Dmitri Mendelejev. Dat was een Russische wetenschapper die in de negentiende eeuw leefde. Atomen vormen samen moleculen.
In mensen zitten ook atomen. De atomen vormen een molecuul die het DNA weer vormen. Het DNA vind je in alle levende wezens (mensen, dieren en planten).
Opbouw van atomen
Atomen bestaan uit weer kleinere deeltjes. Die heten elementaire deeltjes. Een elementair deeltje is een deeltje dat niet meer te splitsen is. De atoom heeft een kern en daarom heen een wolk van elementaire deeltjes. De kern van de atoom is opgebouwd uit elementaire deeltjes met de naam proton en neutron. De wolk om de kern bestaat uit elektronen. In een atoom zitten altijd evenveel protonen als elektronen. Het aantal neutronen verschilt. Daardoor krijg je dus allerlei variaties van de atomen. Die variaties heten isotopen.
Wat gebeurt er in een atoom?
In de kern zitten protonen en neutronen. Een ander woord voor de kern van een atoom is een nucleon. Protonen zijn positief elektrisch geladen. Die stoten elkaar af. Je kunt dit vergelijken met twee magneten die je bij elkaar wilt houden met hun positieve kant. Die stoten elkaar ook af. In de kern zitten ook neutronen en die houden alles bij elkaar. Neutronen zijn neutraal elektrisch geladen. Om de kern heen draaien elektronen. Die zijn negatief geladen. Als ze niet met zo'n grote snelheid om de kern zouden draaien, zouden ze aangetrokken worden door de protonen.In een atoom zitten evenveel protonen als elektronen.